is an petroleum oil suitable for emulsifying with water to form an insecticide spray that kills orchard pests by suffocation. When applied to fruit trees as directed, it has proved highly effective in the control of certain insects that attack citrus, apples, pears, peaches, nuts, and other orchard crops. The phytotoxicity (harmfulness to plants) of the oil depends on the oil’s boiling range and purity. Purity is broadly defined by the unsulfonated residue of the oil. Oils with an unsulfonated residue of 92% or higher can be used in sensitive applications, such as verdant, or summer sprays when trees are in leaf. These are known as "superior" spray oils. Oils with lower unsulfonated residues — at least 80% — are called "regular" spray oils, and are limited to application only in the dormant phase of plant growth.

Also see agricultural oil.