are in in automobiles, computerized engine operating
controls that reduce automotive exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO),
nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbons (HC), primarily by optimizing
combustion efficiency. This is accomplished by automatic monitoring and
control of key engine functions and operating parameters, such as air-fuel
ratio (see combustion), spark timing, and
exhaust gas recirculation.
Also see emissions
(automotive), hydrocarbon
emissions.